Introduction
Nursing diagnoses play an essential role in nursing practice by providing a framework for the nurse to plan and assess care. This article will provide more information about the NANDA nursing diagnosis: Ineffective Self-Management of Ocular Dryness.
NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Definition
The American Nurses Association defines this condition as “mode of controlling distress as evidenced by the inability to maintain normal tear film production”. In other words, when a person experiences ocular dryness, they are unable to adequately self-manage symptoms related to the condition. This can lead to discomfort, vision impairment, and other complications.
Defining Characteristics
Subjectives
- Uncomfortable sensation in the eyes
- Straining while looking at close objects
- Difficulty wearing contact lenses
- Blurred vision
- Itching/burning sensation in the eyes
Objectives
- Reduced tear production
- Increased pulse rate
- Abnormal Schirmer’s Test results
- Tenderness over lacrimal punctum
Related Factors
The following factors may contribute to ocular dryness:
- Dehydration
- Dietary deficiencies
- Medication side effects
- Hormonal changes
- Environmental conditions such as wind, air-conditioning, smoke and dust
Risk Population
Individuals at an increased risk for developing ocular dryness include:
- Adults over 55 years old
- Contact lens wearers
- People living in low humidity environments
- People with certain medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, thyroid conditions, autoimmune diseases, etc.)
Associated Problems
If left untreated, ocular dryness can lead to other complications, including:
- Corneal Ulcers
- Optic Neuropathy
- Keratitis
- Iritis
Suggested Interventions
The following interventions can be used to help manage ocular dryness:
- Use artificial tears or ointment during the day to keep the eyes lubricated.
- Avoid exposure to smoke, dust, or wind.
- Wear sunglasses when outdoors to protect the eyes from wind and dust.
- Monitor any changes in vision or symptoms and report to the healthcare provider immediately.
- Talk to the healthcare provider about any medications that can help reduce symptoms.
Suggested Alternatives
Depending on the individual’s symptoms and risk factors, alternative NANDA diagnoses include:
- Knowledge Deficit Related to Ocular Dryness
- Risk for Injury Related to Ocular Dryness
- Impaired Comfort Related to Ocular Dryness
Usage Tips
When using this diagnosis, it is important to note:
- Include any associated problems or complications when developing the care plan.
- Encourage the patient to ask questions about their condition and take an active role in their treatment and management.
- Be aware of any cultural or religious issues that may impact the patient’s understanding or acceptance of a diagnosis.
NOC Results
The following outcome criteria can be used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions:
- Comfort Level: patient’s ability to remain comfortable
- Vision Status: acuity of visual fields and clarity of vision
- Self-Management: patient’s ability to keep eyes free of debris, practice proper hygiene and recognize signs of improvement/worsening of condition
NIC Interventions
The following interventions can be implemented to help the patient with their self-management of ocular dryness:
- Skin Care: apply lubricants to eyelids and/or use cold compresses/packs as needed to comfort eyes
- Teaching: provide online information and/or pamphlets to reinforce education, review lifestyle changes and proper nutrition with the patient
- Eye Safety: instruct patient to wear protective eyewear when outdoors and to avoid substances such as smoke, dust and pollen
Conclusion
The NANDA nursing diagnosis: Ineffective Self-Management of Ocular Dryness provides a framework for nurses to assess and plan care for clients with ocular dryness. It is important to identify risk factors and provide appropriate interventions to reduce the risk of complications.
FAQ
- What is NANDA nursing diagnosis?
NANDA nursing diagnoses provide a standardized language for nurses to assess and plan care. It helps nurses develop an effective plan of care for their patients.
- What are the defining characteristics of Ineffective Self-Management of Ocular Dryness?
Subjectives include: uncomfortable sensation in the eyes, straining while looking at close objects, difficulty wearing contact lenses, blurred vision, and itching/burning sensation in the eyes. Objectives include: reduced tear production, increased pulse rate, abnormal schirmer’s test results, and tenderness over lacrimal punctum.
- What are some suggested interventions for ocular dryness?
Suggested interventions include: using artificial tears or ointment during the day to keep the eyes lubricated, avoiding exposure to smoke, dust, or wind, wearing sunglasses when outdoors, monitoring any changes in vision or symptoms and reporting to the healthcare provider immediately, and talking to the healthcare provider about any medications that can help reduce symptoms.